Learning 


 * [|Learning and Behaviorism Resources Here]**


 * Learning and Behaviorism Objectives**

**Questions you should be able to answer by the end of the unit:** 1. How can classical conditioning impact human behavior and where do behaviorists believe human thoughts/behaviors come from? What are the problems with this theory? 2. Explain the process of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning and identify their similarities and differences. 3. Which is more effective in your opinion, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning? Explain using real life examples from your own personal experiences.

Also:


 * AP Goals for the Unit: By the end of the unit, you should be able to:**

1. Discuss the importance of learning and the process of learning associations.

2. Describe the general process of classical conditioning as demonstrated by Pavlov’s experiments.

3. Explain the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination.

4. Discuss the importance of cognitive processes and biological constraints in classical conditioning.

5. Explain the importance of Pavlov’s work and describe how it might apply to an understanding of human health and well-being.

6. Describe the process of operant conditioning, including the procedure of shaping, as demonstrated by Skinner’s

experiments.

7. Identify the different types of reinforcers and describe major schedules of partial reinforcement.

8. Discuss the effects of punishment on behavior.

9. Discuss the importance of cognitive processes and biological

predispositions in operant conditioning.

10. Explain why Skinner’s ideas were controversial, and describe

some major applications of operant conditioning.

11. Describe the process of observational learning as demonstrated by Bandura’s experiments, and discuss the impact of antisocial and prosocial modeling.

**Key Terms/People:**

//Learning, Behaviorism, Acquisition, Extinction, Spontaneous recovery, Generalization, Discrimination, Classical conditioning, Unconditioned stimulus, Unconditioned response, Conditioned response, Conditioned stimulus, Aversive conditioning, Second-order or higher-order conditioning, Learned taste aversion, Operant conditioning, cognition, Law of effect, Instrumental learning, Skinner box, Reinforcer, reinforcement, Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Punishment, Positive punishment, Omission training, Shaping, Chaining, Primary reinforcers, Secondary reinforcers, Generalized reinforcers, Token economy, Reinforcement schedules- FI, FR, VI, VR, Continuous reinforcement, Partial-reinforcement effect, Instinctive drift, Observational learning or modeling, Latent learning, Insight learning, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, Rosalie Rayner, John Garcia, Robert Koelling, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, Robert Rescorla, Albert Bandura, Edward Tolman, Wolfgang Kohler//

= Day 1 Learning =


 * Do Now: **
 * 1. What is learning? Think of 3 different examples from your own experiences of learning. How did you know learning took place? **


 * Introduce Project and discuss tips: ** Use Operant Conditioning, not classical. Think about what your habits are throughout the day today.


 * 1. Review Learning Unit: [|PPT here]**


 * 2. Questions?**

1. How can classical conditioning impact human behavior and how do behaviorists believe human thoughts/behaviors come from? What are the problems with this theory? 2. Explain the processes of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning and identify their similarities and differences. 3. Which is more effective in your opinion, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning? Explain using real life examples from your own personal experiences. 4. Explain the following people/terms/concepts in relation to what they have taught us about learning: Thorndike's Box, B.F. Skinner, shaping, Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiments, token economy, systematic desensitization, UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Pavlov's Dog Experiment, Positive and Negative Reinforcement, Punishment
 * By the end of class today, you need to be able to answer the following questions: Put them in your notes!**

Classical Conditioning Demo: Pavlov's Dogs media type="custom" key="23926704"
 * 3. Time to review material on learning in general and Pavlov's dogs (15 min)**

**3. Are fears learned in childhood? Could they be hidden in our subconscious from bad experiences during early childhood?** Baby Albert: media type="youtube" key="FMnhyGozLyE" width="560" height="315"

How do people use classical conditioning to treat fears? Experiment with Classical Conditioning and Systematic Desensitization with a Horse who was afraid of balloons: media type="custom" key="23926960"

[|Pavlov's Dog Game]
 * 6. Additional Web Review (10****min)**

__[|Discovering Psychology: Learning]__
 * 7. Review Video:**


 * Homework: Read pp 279-313 and do questions at the end of the chapter by day 3**

** Day 2: Operant Conditioning and Observational Learning **
**Review of Questions for Operant Conditioning/Observational Learning:**


 * 1. What is operant conditioning? How does it work? How is it different from classical conditioning?**


 * 2. Describe the effect of shaping, discrimination and extinction.**


 * 3. What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement?**


 * 4. How does observational learning work? Can it make children more violent?**


 * [|Additional Presentation you can use if you like]**

The Difference between classical and operant conditioning: media type="custom" key="23926780"

Operant Conditioning Big Bang Theory: media type="youtube" key="Mt4N9GSBoMI" width="560" height="315"

Skinner's Operant Conditioning: media type="custom" key="23927212"

Skinner's Pigeon Ping Pong: media type="custom" key="23927060"

Rats playing basketball: media type="custom" key="23927900"

Thorndike's Cat Box: Law of Effect media type="custom" key="23927154"

Token Economy Practical Applications: media type="custom" key="23927240"

Albert Bandura: Observational Learning Bobo Doll Experiment: media type="custom" key="23927268"
 * Observational Learning:**

1. How can classical conditioning impact human behavior and how do behaviorists believe human thoughts/behaviors come from? What are the problems with this theory? 2. Explain the processes of classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning and identify their similarities and differences. 3. Which is more effective in your opinion, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning? Explain using real life examples from your own personal experiences. 4. Explain the following people/terms/concepts in relation to what they have taught us about learning: Thorndike's Box, B.F. Skinner, shaping, Albert Bandura's Bobo doll experiments, token economy, systematic desensitization, UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Pavlov's Dog Experiment, Positive and Negative Reinforcement, Punishment
 * Exit Slip**

**Homework:**
 * Read pp 279-313 and do questions at the end of the chapter by day 3**

= Day 3: Review Conditioning/Learning = The Office Classical Conditioning: what is the UCS, UCR, CS and CR? media type="youtube" key="0DQjCPBZaUk" width="560" height="315"
 * Do Now: Use the principles of classical conditioning to explain the following video:**


 * Today's EQ: **
 * To what extent can humans be conditioned to do a certain behavior using operant conditioning? **

2. [|Gorilla Training Experiment] [|Presentation Here]

[|Instructions to Trainer]

Wrap Up: In your experiment did the gorilla demonstrate cognitive learning, operant conditioning or classical conditioning. Justify your response by providing examples of components that were present in the experiment that relate to the type of learning you chose.

How does animal training differ from human learning? Discuss

media type="custom" key="24257190"

media type="custom" key="24257186"

Wrap Up questions/discussion (this is also on the google presentation:


 * To what extent do you think the principles of operant conditioning can be used to shape human behavior?**
 * 1) Think of a behavior that COULD be shaped using operant conditioning and explain what processes could be used. (be sure to include the key terms from today: shaping, operant conditioning, shaping, positive/negative reinforcement, punishment)
 * 2) Think of a behavior that could NOT be shaped using only operant conditioning. Explain why you think this is the case AND what type of learning/conditioning might make the behavior more likely to happen.
 * 3) What does this indicate about human learning?

=Day 4: Review and Prep for Exam =

1. Time for questions and review.

media type="youtube" key="qG2SwE_6uVM" width="560" height="315"media type="youtube" key="128Ts5r9NRE" width="560" height="315"
 * 2. Review Crash Course Videos:**


 * Part 2: Practice FRQs**

1. Briefly explain how the concepts below could be used to help stop a child throwing temper tantrums. - extinction (operant conditioning) - positive reinforcement - modeling - negative reinforcement - shaping - extinction (classical conditioning)


 * 3. Time for review of other resources (you may use your book and the resources below or search online for other additional review material)**

[|Practice Online Multiple Choice Test on Learning]

[|Learning Jeopardy]

Try to create a game to help quiz yourself. One idea: [|Jeopardy Labs]

= Day 5: Unit Test (2 days) =